YEAR 1882


RETURN TO 1880 to 1889

Huang Zunxian was 33-years-old in 1882 when he was assigned to communicate the objectives of the East in the Old West. When Frederick Bee was 33-years-old in 1858, he was stringing telegraph wire to connect the Western United States to the East coast.

From Wikipedia: Frederick Alonzo Bee was an early opponent of anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States. He was a California Gold Rush pioneer, miner, merchant, manager of the Pony Express, builder of the telegraph over the Sierras, developer of Sausalito, California, lobbyist for the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, official at the Chinese Consulate, and vineyardist near Martinez, California. Bee Street in Sausalito was named after him. Bee was appointed as Consul by the Chinese government after he effectively represented the interests of the Chinese community in front of a Congressional committee and settled disputes in Chinatown. Bee acted in an official capacity to represent the interests of Chinese immigrants, and appeared in federal court cases; his efforts to preserve harmony were recognized by the Emperor of China.
Wikipedia
Encyclopedia Britannica

From Wikipedia: Huang Zunxian was a Chinese official, scholar, and writer, active during the late Qing dynasty. As a poet, he published more than a hundred poems. He was born in Jiayingzhou, now Mei County, Guangdong, and died 57 years later in the same place. His game-changing contributions to China made him a recognized figure of his time, and a namesake foundation has been established in his honour. Huang's former residence is now marked as a public museum.
Wikipedia
Encyclopedia Britannica

Frederick Bee was a 56-year-old consul at the Chinese consulate in San Francisco in 1882. Huang Zunxian was the 33-year-old Consul General. Mr. Bee and Huang worked at the Chinese consulate in San Francisco from 1882 to 1885. These men confronted sex traffickers, hostile society, and racist laws as they worked to protect the rights of Chinese residents.
Translation of poem written by Huang about Fred Bee.
Original poem and note

from Renjinglu shicao jianzhu The commentary is by Qian Zhonglian

1882 Langley San Francisco City Directory
Principal Chinese Business Firms

Great Register 1882
Name Age Birthplace Profession Location Date
Frank Maxwell Bee 30 New York Custom House Inspector 1533 Sutter Street, San Francisco October 21, 1882
Frederick Alonzo Bee 57 New York Chinese Consul 1533 Sutter Street, San Francisco October 14, 1882


Page 188 of "Chinese Immigration" mentions Mr. F. A. Bee.

1882 National Board of Health Annual Report

History of Contra Costa County

Guidebook and Street Manual to San Francisco

Exclusion of Chinese Women

Paul Yin, The Narratives of Chinese-American Litigation During the Chinese Exclusion Era, 19 Asian Am. L.J. 145 (2012).

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11588, 12 January 1882
Explosion at powder works at Hercules Powder Works,Contra Costa County, killed Chinese workers.

January 21, 1882 The Argonaut
Mrs. F. A. Bee attended party

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11604, 28 January 1882
Chinese executorship [Choy Poi estate]

Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 14, Number 139, 1 February 1882
S.L. Bee and E. N. Bee on passenger list

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11618, 11 February 1882
Investigation in Quarantine Officer Lawlor

Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 4, 25 February 1882
California Supreme Court decision regarding Lee Ah Yute
and
Pacific Coast Law Journal: Containing All the Decisions of the Supreme Court 1882

Consul Bee told the Board of Health that regulations to vaccinate Chinese immigrants violated a treaty.
San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Feb 28, 1882. p. 4 (1 page)

March, 1882 letter from F.A. Bee to United States Senate
Excerpts
"I believe that the immortal truths of the Declaration of Independence came from the same source with the Golden Rule and the Sermon on the Mount......"
"As surely as the path on which our fathers entered a hundred years ago led to safety, to strength, to glory, so surely will the path on which we now propose to enter bring us to shame, to weakness, and to peril."

Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 8, 2 March 1882
Consul Bee filed a protest with the Board of Health against the mandatory vaccination of Chinese.

Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 9, 3 March 1882
Anti-Chinese legal holiday

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11640, 5 March 1882
Massive Anti-Chinese meeting
Cartoon

March 9, 1882
Esther Baldwin's pamphlet about the Chinese question
Mrs. Baldwin argued that European immigrants did not want the competition from Chinese immigrants.

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11645, 10 March 1882
Debate about Chinese Exclusion Act

Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11654, 19 March 1882
Consul Bee testified that Chinese women had fraudulent certificates- First Anjer Head case number 2495

  • Index to cases
    • See bottom of page for cases 2495 and 2499 in the index to Habeas Corpus Cases of the US District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco from 1882-1892.

    Colonel Bee commented on problems with the landing of 4 Chinese women on British ship - First Anjer Head case number 2495 .
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Mar 19, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11656, 21 March 1882
    Trial involved 3880 cans of opium

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 26, 23 March 1882
    Captain Roper needed permission to move Chinese women from the Anjer Head to courtroom.
    Testimony of Frederick A. Bee in case 2495, In re: Ah Sing - First Anjer Head case

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11662, 27 March 1882
    Oscar Wilde arrived in San Francisco

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11662, 27 March 1882
    Henry Ward Beecher preached that Chinese were the best immigrants.

    March 27, 1882
    Huang Tsun Hsien (Huang Zunxian) appointed Consul to San Francisco. Huang Tsun Hsien replaced Chen Shu Tang.



    Huang, the Diplomat
    Short biography

    Three Hard Years on the Golden Hill: New Sources for the Study of Huang Zunxian in San Francisco
    Courtesy of Professor Jerry Dean Schmidt

    Hakka Museum
    The Former Residence of Huang Zunxian

    Land Without Ghosts: Chinese Impressions of America from the Mid-nineteenth Century to the Present
    Some of Huang Zunxian's impressions of America

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 30, 28 March 1882
    Explosion of powder works in Stege Station, Contra Costa County, killed Chinese workers.

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11666, 31 March 1882
    Banquet for ex-Senator Sargent who became Minister to Berlin

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 33, 31 March 1882
    Banquet for ex-Senator Sargent who became Minister to Berlin

    Pacific Rural Press, Volume 23, Number 13, 1 April 1882
    Description of California

    More Chinese lepers found by Colonel Bee and sent to the hospital.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Apr 2, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 36, 4 April 1882
    New officials at Chinese Consulate, including Wong Jun Heun(Huang Zunxian aka Huang Tsun Hsien) as Consul General. F.A. Bee was of the fourth official in rank.

    2 volume complete works of Huang Zunxian at www.worldcat.org
    Within the Human Realm by J.D. Schmidt

    Memorandum No. 29 to Envoy Zheng
    The series of reports are Pages 31-72 from Huang Zunxian quanji 黄遵宪全集
    Frederick Bee was mentioned 7 times in the memo collection. Six times under his title 傅领事, one time under his name 傅烈秘. They are on pages 41, 46, 47, 52, 59 and 60.
    This book contains the memorandums.
    This journal also contains the memorandums. Jin dai shi zi liao 近代史资料
    Thank you to Sue Xue,Head, Information and Public Services, and Electronic Resources Librarian, C. V. Starr East Asian Library

    Daily Alta California, Number 11671, 5 April 1882
    Death of Jesse James

    April 8, 1882 San Francisco News Letter
    Colonel Bee was awarded title by the Chinese government.

    A ship full of Chinese (most bound for Oregon) arrived.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Apr 23, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11691, 25 April 1882
    Anti-Chinese convention
    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11692, 26 April 1882
    Anti-Chinese Convention
    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11693, 27 April 1882
    Anti-Chinese Convention
    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11694, 28 April 1882
    Anti-Chinese Convention

    California newspapers reported on Martinez, Contra Costa County, riot that occurred on April 26, 1882.

    Contra Costa Gazette articles

    Maps of where riot occurred

    Documents about the Martinez riot from Notes from the Chinese Legation in the United States Department of State

    Letter from F. A. Bee and Consul General to Contra Costa Board of Supervisors
    Transcription of letter
    I found this letter at the Contra Costa Historical Society, general file, Chinese folder.

    Two-part Contra Costa Times article about the riot

    May 6, 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
    and
    California Assembly Concurrent Resolution 76 chaptered with the Secretary of State on September 23, 2009.
    From 1882 Project, "the Senate and House of Representatives passed resolutions addressing the Chinese Exclusion Laws on October 6, 2011 and June 18, 2012, respectively"

    Blank Certificate of Registration to allow Chinese laborers to return
    Chinese consular passport issued by Fred A. Bee
    from Notes from the Chinese Legation in the United States Department of State
    Congressional edition, Volume 2332

    Reminescences of habeas corpus cases written in 1895.

    A Nineteenth Century "Habeas Corpus Mill": The Chinese before the Federal Courts in California

    36 cases of smallpox found on ship, Altonower.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: May 16, 1882. p. 3 (1 page)

    Board of Health wanted ship with smallpox moved to Sausalito.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: May 17, 1882. p. 3 (1 page)

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11713, 17 May 1882
    Quarantine of the Altonower
    and
    1881-1882 San Francisco Municipal Report - Health Officer
    and
    Quarantine Officer's Report

    Los Angeles Herald, Volume 17, Number 74, 18 May 1882
    Chinese Exclusion Act

    Digest of Chinese Exclusion Laws and Decisions
    Chinese Exclusion Acts

    Los Angeles Herald, Volume 17, Number 75, 19 May 1882
    John Russell Young, new Minister to China, en route to China

    A Chinese woman was being investigated for her relationship to Chinese girls on ship.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: May 20, 1882. p. 3 (1 page)

    Colonel Bee corrected newspaper story of May 20, 1881 that indicated he had given court testimony.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: May 21, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    Example of Chinese Consular certificate found in case 2908 in the US District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 79, 24 May 1882
    Consul Bee reported that Chinese citizens were moving to the East.

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 82, 27 May 1882
    Railroads refuted Colonel Bee's allegations of Chinese moving eastward.

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11733, 6 June 1882
    Number One Chinese Consular Passport issued to Lee Owy You.

    June 6, 1882 and quarantine report
    and
    Cover page
    Page 1 of F. A. Bee's letter to Dr. T. J. Turner, USN, Secretary, National Board of Health
    Page 2 of letter
    Remainder of Appendix N
    Courtesy of the Nevada State Library

    June 8, 1882
    Letters regarding certicates - to and from the Chinese Legation in Washington, D. C.

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 95, 12 June 1882
    Consul Bee described process of issuing certificates.
    Note: two other stories about White Labor and a Chinese madam.

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11745, 18 June 1882
    Women detained on the Anjer Head. Second Anjer Head case - number 2499

    Chinese Exclusion case 2499 filed on June 27, 1882.
    First case filed after Chinese Exclusion act was passed. Chan Si and Ng Si's case was discharged. -

    Captain Roper alleged that Colonel Bee wanted the Captain to board 400 Chinese in port because of overcrowding in Chinatown. The Captain was looking for help from Hall McAllister. Hall McAllister was a prominent attorney.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Jul 8, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 123, 14 July 1882
    Colonel Bee related story about smallpox 'cure'.

    July 15, 1882 F.L. Weeks' coroner report

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 128, 20 July 1882
    Articles about laundrymen and beggars

    Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 15, Number 131, 24 July 1882
    Wives of Chinese legation arrived in San Francisco.

    Report on validity of vaccination and quarantine based on circumstances of the Altonower.
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Aug 6, 1882. p. 1 (1 page)

    August 12, 1882 Contra Costa Gazette
    Chinese Fishing Pirates
    China Camp from Cathay in El Dorado: the Chinese in California
    Chinese shrimp fishing industry

    August 25, 1882 North China Herald
    This article had negative opinion of Huang Zunxian (Huang Tsun-Hsien).

  • The story of Ah Yute
    • Thank you to the San Francisco Theological Seminary, San Anselmo, California
  • Entries in Presbyterian Occidental Board Mission Home log books
    • Thank you to Doreen Der-McLeod
  • The Chinese Mission House was operated by Dr. Loomis at the northeast corner of Stockton and Sacramento Street and the Presbyterian Occidental Board Mission Home was run by Maggie Culbertson at 933 Sacramento Street.
  • The story of Ah Yute mentions 765 Dupont as the address of the pawn broker, Cheng Gooie Leng. Telegraph messenger boys would go to this address to buy drugs when they were delivering telegrams. This activity was an unforeseen consequence of Frederick Bee's buliding of the Sierra telegraph.

  • Consul Bee made temporary custodian of a 13-year-old Chinese girl, Ah Good. The custody battle was between the father and the Chinese Women's Mission Home run by Miss Maggie Culbertson.
    September 9, 1882 Contra Costa Gazette
    Waste of Salmon

    Daily Alta California, Volume 34, Number 11832, 14 September 1882
    Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Louise, visited San Francisco.

    November 11, 1882 election results

    Custody of Chinese girl
    San Francisco Chronicle (1869-Current File). San Francisco, Calif.: Nov 29, 1882. p. 4 (1 page)
    Note: The Chinese Women's Mission Home at 933 Sacramento Street was run by the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Frederick Bee's funeral took place at a San Francisco Presbyterian Church in 1889.


    • NOTE: First Presbyterian Chinese Church Stockton between Washington and Clay.[Chinatown, S.F. Cal.- Miss Cable's class of Chinese girls]

    Pacific Rural Press, Volume 24, Number 27, 30 December 1882
    New State Officers and Legislature

    RETURN TO 1880 to 1889



    index to Habeas Corpus Cases of the US District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco from 1882-1892

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    Photo of shrimp boat in Richmond, CA on Sept 6, 2014                          Chinese calendar 1882